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futurama.ru CONTENTS OF SCHOLASTIC ALLOWANCE

Rails ultrasonic flaw detection

Introduction

1. Physical basis of rails ultrasonic flaw detection

1.1. Facilities for rails nondestructive testing
1.2. Ultrasonic waves. Longitudinal and shear vibrations

1.2.1. Ultrasonic vibrations characteristics
1.2.2. Longitudinal waves
1.2.3. Transverse (shear) waves
1.3. Excitation and reception of ultrasonic vibrations
1.3.1. Piezoeffect concept
1.3.2. Resonance concept
1.3.3. Durability concept
1.3.4. Directivity concept
1.4. Ultrasonic vibrations properties
1.4.1. Ultrasonic vibrations damping
1.4.2. Ultrasonic vibrations reflection
1.4.3. Ultrasonic vibrations refraction and transformation
1.5. Radiation pulse mode of ultrasonic vibrations

2. Ultrasonic flaw detection methods at rails inspection

2.1. Ultrasonic inspection methods classification
2.2. Ultrasonic inspection pulse-echo-method
2.3. Ultrasonic inspection shadow and mirror-shadow methods
2.4. Ultrasonic inspection mirror method
2.5. Ultrasonic inspection delta-method
2.6. Branch reference standard

2.6.1. Reference standard CO-1
2.6.2. Reference standard CO-1P
2.6.3. Reference standard CO-2
2.6.4. Reference standard CO-3
2.6.5. Reference standard CO-3P
2.7. Inspection parameters adjustment
2.7.1. Beam output point
2.7.2. Beam transmission angle
2.7.3. Dead zone
2.7.4. Depthometer operation accuracy
2.7.5. Arbitrary sensivity
2.7.6. Minimum arbitrary size
2.7.7. Ultrasonic vibrations frequency
2.7.8. Sound pulse length
2.7.9. Conclusion
2.8. Appendix: Decibel

3. Peculiarities of rails ultrasonic inspection<P255>

3.1. Introduction
3.2. Rail head inspection

3.2.1. Propagation of ultrasonic vibrations in the head
3.2.1.1. Rail head defects
3.2.1.2. Transmission and propagation of ultrasonic vibrations in the rail head
3.2.1.3. Sonic test general scheme
3.2.2. Transverse cracks definition
3.2.2.1. Transverse cracks definition in the rail head by application of transducer with transmission angle 70╟
3.2.2.2. Ultrasonic inspection of the rail head in operative edge
3.2.2.3. Refinement of the rail head defect section by application of manual transducers
3.2.2.4. Defect 21.2.H sizes definition and refinement
3.2.3. Mirror inspection method
3.2.4. Standard defects indications forming
3.3. Rail web and base inspection in the area of principle metal
3.3.1. Ultrasonic inspection peculiarities of the rail web and base in the area of principle metal
3.3.2. Standard defects indications forming
3.4. Bolted joint inspection
3.4.1. Rail ultrasonic flaw detection in the area of bolted joint
3.4.2. Standard defects indications forming
3.5. Ultrasonic flaw detection of the rail welded joints
3.5.1. Welded joints defects
3.5.2. Welded joints inspection at railway divisions
3.5.3. Welded joints inspection in operation
3.6. Versions of sound test schemes at rails continuous inspection
Conclusion
Bibliography

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