Rails ultrasonic flaw detection

Markov A.A., Shpagin D.A.

Summary

 

This textbook is intended for qualification improvement of engineers and technicians of railway division directly servicing various flaw detection systems (removable double-track bogies, portable flaw detectors and so on) and being responsible for timely detection of dangerous rails defects.

The book contains such information, which is necessary at minimum for practical operators; without this information it is impossible to operate effectively any flaw detection facilities (fast control units: bogies-flaw detectors and flawdetection automotris in particular) and to make motivated decision about defects of rails being tested. Moreover there are the most advanced test methods which are not published in the popular issues but widely introduced in some railways.

The book consists of three parts:

  • The first part "Physical basis of rails ultrasonic flaw detection" contains essential information of ultrasonic waves, transverse and shear vibrations, their excitation and reception, acoustic vibra tions properties, radiation mode.

  • The second part "Ultrasonic flaw detection methods at rails testing" is devoted to examination of proper ultrasonic inspection methods applied to rails flaw detection (pulse-echo method, and delta-method), description of standards reference practically applied for flaw detection systems setting, inspection parameters setting and definition of detected defects conventional sizes.

  • The third part "Peculiarities of rails ultrasonic inspection" is devoted to detailed presentation of defects detection problems in various rails sections and areas (head, web, base); rails bolted and welded joints defects and methods of their detection at rails welding plants and in operation are considered; some schemes variants of sonic tests at rails continuous inspection are presented and their comporative analyses is given.

The language of the book is simple and easily understood. In spite of the absence of rigorous mathematics descriptions of radiation and ultrasonic vibrations reception processes it gives a comprehensive information of these processes. There are a lot of pictures which clearly elucidate the essence and physics of phenomenon and processes being described. Owing to these facts the book is easily understood even tountrained reader.

Information of this textbook is based at the famous works of native rail flaw detection founders, sectorial institutes and operators experience and also at the authors original works. In parallel with traditional methods the most advanced inspection ones protected by Russian patents and introduced in modern flaw detectors are presented in great detail. Information of new developments for ultrasonic rails flaw detection of leading companies of Russia and SNG countries is given.

This textbook can be used as at initial training of operators so at periodical improvement of their qualification. The "Peculiarities of rails ultrasonic inspection" part will be highly useful for monthly technical training of flaw detection sections operators. Moreover it may be useful (at initial phase of training) for students of railway colleges and high schools which carry out various levels specialists preparation in rails ultrasonic inspection. This book is the first one in Russia which includes general information in theory of ultrasonic flaw detection and specific defects detection practical recommendations.

The authors dialyzed the textbook by teaching computer program "Principles of rails ultrasonic flaw detection" where a lot of physical processes being considered in this book are demonstrated in dynamic regime. Moreover there are additional parts. Due to application of advanced computer technologies with sound, color and dynamic (animation) pictures use the computer program in a lot of specialists view is the most effective teaching means. However it must be used only with computer. The book has its advantage: you may take it for the journey or to read it at a free moment.

Naturally the optimal teaching version is integrated utilization of the computer program and the book. In this case the rate and quality of information mastering will be higher and the teaching process will be more interesting.

The authors of the book are assistant professors of two State Universities of St.Petersburg (Means of communications and Baltic State technical one), they have a considerable experience as on development and introduction of nondestructive testing facilities so specialists of various qualifications (operators, students, engineers at qualification improvement schools) training. The authors are expected that offered information will be useful everybody (from an operator's assistant to a chief of railway division) who are busy with rails flaw detection ensuring trains movement safety.

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